BioType Vs Temperament

By Eleanor Andrews

When we talk about animals, you may hear the terms biotype and temperament used.

Biotype refers to a group of organisms or individuals within a species which are genetically very similar or identical. This group share biological characteristics or traits. An example of this would be constitution and breed traits, these components can be used to describe variations within a species and are based on genetic, physiological, or ecological factors. An example of this in dogs would be the Husky which has adapted to specific environmental conditions. An equine example may be an Icelandic, again which has adapted to its environment.

If we compared a Husky to a greyhound or a Yorkshire terrier, or an Icelandic horse to an Arab, a Holstein or Clydesdale, it is clear to see the difference between each biotype and to be able to identify distinct characteristics or traits for each breed (breed type).

Temperament on the other hand refers to the innate and enduring traits or characteristics of the individual’s personality, behaviour and emotional responses. Ultimately this is the animal’s natural predisposition and tendencies and will influence their reactions to stimuli, social interaction and emotional experiences. This will vary on an individual basis, a dog or horse within a biotype maybe more stable within their emotional state, or better able to respond to new or unusual situations, or maybe more introverted or extroverted.

Ultimately, “Biotype” is a biological term used in the context of variations within species based on biological factors, while “temperament” is a psychological term used to describe inherent personality traits and behavioural tendencies in individuals.

Why is this important to understand as a practitioner?

As a practitioner we can understand at certain breeds will have specific characteristics and tendencies, this helps us to identify the norm for that individual however it is important for us to also be aware that the temperament of the animal will vary within a biotype or breed and as such we cannot treat each individual within the breed the same way. Nor can we expect them to respond in the same manner. Another important component is that unlike biotype, temperament can change, which is why over time an animal’s temperament can alter and can permanently affect their behaviour, this may occur due to the stress is the animal is exposed to. Consequently, it is important for us as practitioner to consider not only the biotype of the animal but all factors (internal and external) including the chronological components of a case which impact the animal when assessing/analysing a case and to treat each animal as the individual they are.